Dairy indasitiri zviyero zvepombi dzakachena

GMP (Yakanaka Kugadzira tsika yezvigadzirwa zvemukaka, Yakanaka Kugadzira Kudzidzira kweDairy Zvigadzirwa) ndiyo pfupiso yeDairy Production Quality Management Practice uye inzira yepamberi uye yesainzi manejimendi yekugadzira mukaka. Muchitsauko cheGMP, zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamberi pezvishandiso uye dhizaini yepombi dzakachena, kureva kuti, "Zvishandiso zvinosangana zvakananga nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvinofanirwa kuve zvakatsetseka uye zvisina mazino kana kuputika kudzikisa kuunganidzwa kwemarara echikafu, tsvina uye organic zvinhu" , "Zvose zvekugadzira Equipment zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kuti zvicheneswe zviri nyore uye kuuraya utachiona uye kuti zviongororwe zviri nyore." Mapaipi akachena ane hunhu hweakazvimirira masisitimu uye hunyanzvi hwakasimba. Naizvozvo, chinyorwa ichi chinotsanangudza nezve kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakachena zvepombi, zvinodikanwa zvepasi kuti zvibatane nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka, pombi system welding zvinodiwa, self-draining dhizaini, nezvimwe, iine chinangwa chekuvandudza mabhizinesi emukaka uye kuvaka Kunzwisisa kwechikamu nezvekukosha kwepombi yakachena. kuiswa uye kurapwa.

 Kunyangwe GMP ichiisa pamberi zvakaomesesa zvinodikanwa zvezvishandiso uye dhizaini yepombi dzakachena, chiitiko chemidziyo inorema uye mapaipi akareruka achiri akajairika muindasitiri yemukaka yeChina. Sechikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwemukaka, mapipeline akachena masystem achiri kugamuchira kushomeka. Hazvina kukwana ichiri chinongedzo chisina kusimba chinorambidza kuvandudzwa kwemhando yechigadzirwa chemukaka. Kuenzaniswa nemitemo yakakodzera yeindasitiri yemukaka yekunze, kuchine nzvimbo yakawanda yekuvandudza. Parizvino, maAmerican 3-A hutsanana zviyero uye European Hygienic Engineering Design Organisation zviyero (EHEDG) anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemukaka yekunze. Zvichakadaro, mafekitori emukaka ari pasi peWyeth Group muUnited States anosimbirira pakugadzira fekitori yemukaka inosangana nemishonga yakatora ASME BPE yakajairwa senzira inotungamira dhizaini uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo yefekitori yemukaka nemapombi, izvo zvakare. ichaunzwa pazasi.

01

US 3-A mitemo yehutano

Iyo American 3-A chiyero chinozivikanwa uye chakakosha chehutano hwepasi rose, chakatangwa neAmerican 3-A Health Standards Company. IAmerican 3A Sanitary Standards Corporation isangano risingabatsiri purofiti rakazvipira kusimudzira dhizaini yehutsanana yemidziyo yekugadzira chikafu, zvinwiwa zvekugadzira zvinwiwa, midziyo yemukaka uye indasitiri yemishonga, iyo inonyanya kusimudzira kuchengetedza kwechikafu uye kuchengetedzeka kweveruzhinji.

Iyo 3-A Hygiene Standards Company yakarongwa pamwe chete nemasangano mashanu akasiyana muUnited States: American Dairy Producers Association (ADPI), International Federation of Food Industry Suppliers (IAFIS), uye International Federation for Food Sanitation Protection (IAFP) , International Dairy Products Federation (IDFA), uye 3-A Sanitary Standards Marking Council. Hutungamiri hwe3A hunosanganisira iyo US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), iyo US Department of Agriculture (USDA), uye 3-A Steering Committee.

Iyo US 3-A hutsanana mwero ine mirau yakasimba kwazvo paakachena pombi masisitimu, senge mune 63-03 chiyero chehutsanana pombi fittings:

(1) Chikamu C1.1, pombi fittings inosangana nemishonga yemukaka inofanira kugadzirwa neAISI300 yakatevedzana simbi isina tsvina, iyo isingadziviriri, isina chepfu uye haizotamisi zvinhu muzvigadzirwa zvemukaka.

(2) Chikamu D1.1, iyo pamusoro roughness Ra kukosha Stainless simbi pombi Fittings inosangana nemishonga yemukaka haifaniri kunge yakakura kudarika 0.8um, uye makona akafa, maburi, mapundu, nezvimwewo zvinofanira kudziviswa.

(3) Chikamu D2.1, iyo welding pamusoro pesimbi isina tsvina inosangana nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka inofanira kunge isina musono yakashongedzwa, uye roughness Ra kukosha kweiyo welding pamusoro haifanire kunge yakakura kupfuura 0.8um.

(4) Chikamu D4.1, pombi fittings uye dairy contact surfaces dzinofanira kunge dzichizvidhinha kana dzakaiswa zvakanaka.

02

EHEDG Hygienic Dhizaini Yakajairwa Yekudya Michina

European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group European Hygiene Engineering Design Group (EHEDG). Yakavambwa muna 1989, EHEDG mubatanidzwa wevagadziri vemidziyo, makambani eindasitiri yezvekudya, uye masangano ehutano everuzhinji. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuisa miitiro yehutsanana yepamusoro yeindasitiri yezvekudya uye yekurongedza.

EHEDG inonangana nemichina yekugadzira chikafu iyo inofanirwa kuve ine hutsanana dhizaini uye kuve nyore kuchenesa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwehutachiona. Naizvozvo, midziyo inoda kuve nyore kuchenesa uye kudzivirira chigadzirwa kubva pakusvibiswa.

MuEHEDG's "Sanitary Equipment Design Guidelines 2004 Second Edition", iyo pombi system inotsanangurwa seizvi:

(1) Chikamu 4.1 kazhinji chinofanirwa kushandisa simbi isina tsvina ine yakanaka corrosion resistance;

(2) Kana iyo pH kukosha kwechigadzirwa muChikamu 4.3 iri pakati pe6.5-8, iyo chloride concentration haipfuure 50ppm, uye tembiricha haipfuure 25 ° C, AISI304 Stainless simbi kana AISI304L yakaderera kabhoni simbi iri nyore kubatanidza. inowanzosarudzwa; Kana iyo chloride concentration Kana ichipfuura 100ppm uye tembiricha yekushanda yakakwira kupfuura 50 ℃, zvinhu zvine corrosion resistance yakasimba zvinofanirwa kushandiswa kudzivirira gomba uye kukoromoka kunokonzerwa ne chloride ions, nokudaro kudzivirira masara echlorine, senge AISI316 simbi isina tsvina, uye yakaderera. carbon steel. AISI316L ine yakanaka welding performance uye inokodzera pombi masisitimu.

(3) Nzvimbo yemukati yepombi system muChikamu 6.4 inofanira kunge inokwanisa kunyura uye nyore kuchenesa. Nzvimbo dzakachinjika dzinofanirwa kudziviswa, uye kona yekurerekera inofanirwa kugadzirwa kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemvura yasara.

(4) Pamusoro pechigadzirwa chekubata kumeso muChikamu 6.6, iyo welding yekubatanidza inofanirwa kunge isina musono uye yakatsetseka uye yakatsetseka. Munguva yewelding process, inert gasi kudzivirira kunofanirwa kushandiswa mukati nekunze kwejoinhi kudzivirira oxidation yesimbi nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya. Pamapombi masisitimu, kana mamiriro ekuvaka (akadai senge nzvimbo saizi kana nharaunda yekushanda) achibvumidza, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa otomatiki orbital welding zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, izvo zvinogona kudzikamisa kudzora welding paramita uye weld bead kunaka.

03

American ASME BPE chiyero

ASME BPE (Sosaiti yeAmerica yemainjiniya emagetsi, Bio Processing Equipment) chiyero chakagadzirwa neAmerican Society of Mechanical Injiniya kuti igadzirise dhizaini, zvigadzirwa, kugadzira, kuongorora uye kuyedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvebioprocessing nemapombi uye nezvimwe zvinotsigira.

Iyo chiyero chakatanga kuburitswa muna 1997 kuti iwane yunifomu zviyero uye inogamuchirika nhanho yemhando yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa muindasitiri yebiopharmaceutical. Sechiyero chepasi rose, ASME BPE inoenderana zvizere nemitemo nemirairo yeGMP yenyika yangu uye US FDA. Iyo yakakosha kududzirwa inoshandiswa neFDA kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa. Ndiwo chiyero chakakosha chevagadziri vemidziyo nemidziyo, vatengesi, makambani einjiniya uye vashandisi vemidziyo. Iyo isiri-inosungirwa chiyero inotsigirwa pamwe chete uye inogadziridzwa uye inodzokororwa nguva nenguva.

3-A, EHEDG, ASME BPE hutano certification mamakisi

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakachena zvakanyanya uye kudzikisira njodzi yekusvibiswa kwechigadzirwa, iyo ASME BPE standard ine tsananguro chaiyo yeotomatiki welding tekinoroji. Semuenzaniso, iyo 2016 vhezheni ine zvinotevera zvinopihwa:

(1) SD-4.3.1 (b) Kana pombi dzesimbi dzisina tsvina dzichishandiswa, 304L kana 316L zvinhu zvinowanzosarudzwa. Otomatiki orbital welding ndiyo yakasarudzika nzira yekubatanidza pombi. Muimba yakachena, zvikamu zvepombi zvinogadzirwa ne 304L kana 316L zvinhu. Muridzi, muvaki uye mugadziri anofanirwa kusvika pachibvumirano pane nzira yekubatanidza pombi, nhanho yekuongorora uye zviyero zvekugamuchira isati yaiswa.

(2) MJ-3.4 pipeline welding kuvaka inofanira kushandisa orbital automatic welding, kunze kwekunge saizi kana nzvimbo isingazvibvumire. Muchiitiko ichi, kusungirirwa kwemaoko kunogona kuitwa, asi chete nemvumo yemuridzi kana kontrakiti.

(3) MJ-9.6.3.2 Mushure mekugadzirisa welding, zvishoma ne20% yemukati weld beads inofanira kuongororwa ne endoscope. Kana chero isina kukodzera weld bead ichionekwa panguva yekuongorora welding, kumwe kuongorora kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveiyo yakatarwa kusvika yagamuchirwa.

04

Kushandiswa kwepasi rose dairy industry standards

Iyo 3-A hutsanana mwero wakazvarwa mu1920s uye chiyero chepasi rose chinoshandiswa kumisa dhizaini yehutsanana yemidziyo muindasitiri yemukaka. Kubva payakavandudzwa, anenge makambani ese emukaka, makambani einjiniya, vagadziri vemidziyo, uye vamiririri muNorth America vakaishandisa. Inowanzogamuchirwawo mune mamwe mativi enyika. Makambani anogona kunyorera 3-A chitupa chepombi, pombi fittings, mavharuvhu, pombi uye zvimwe zvehutsanana. 3-A icharonga vaongorori kuti vaite pa-saiti chigadzirwa bvunzo uye bhizinesi ongororo, uye buritsa 3A chitupa chehutano mushure mekupasa ongororo.

Kunyangwe chiyero cheEuropean EHEDG chehutano chakatanga mushure meUS 3-A chiyero, chakakura nekukurumidza. Yayo certification process yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura iyo US 3-A standard. Iyo kambani inonyorera inofanirwa kutumira certification michina kune yakasarudzika yekuyedza marabhoritari muEurope kunoongororwa. Semuenzaniso, mukuedzwa kwepombi ye centrifugal, kana chete pazvinogumiswa kuti kugona kuzvichenesa kwepombi kunenge kusiri kushoma pane kugona kuzvichenesa kwepombi yakabatana yakatwasuka, chiratidzo cheEHEDG chinogona kuwanikwa nguva yakatarwa.

Iyo ASME BPE chiyero ine nhoroondo yeanoda kusvika makore makumi maviri kubva payakavambwa muna 1997. Inoshandiswa mune dzinenge dzese maindasitiri makuru ebiopharmaceutical nemakambani einjiniya, vagadziri vemidziyo, uye vamiririri. Muindasitiri yemukaka, Wyeth, sekambani yeFortune 500, mafekitori ayo emukaka atora zviyero zveASME BPE sekutungamira dhizaini yekugadzira uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo yefekitori yemukaka nemapaipi. Ivo vakagara nhaka yekugadzira manejimendi mazano emafekitori emishonga uye vakagamuchira otomatiki welding tekinoroji yekuvaka yepamusoro yekugadzira mukaka wekugadzira mutsara.

Otomatiki welding tekinoroji inovandudza mhando yemukaka

Nhasi, sezvo nyika inobhadhara zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, kuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemukaka kwave kunonyanya kukosha. Semupi wezvigadzirwa zvefekitari yemukaka, ibasa uye chisungo chekupa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvishandiso zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemukaka.

Otomatiki welding tekinoroji inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwewelding pasina pesvedzero yezvinhu zvevanhu, uye welding process paramita senge tungsten tsvimbo kureba, ikozvino, uye kutenderera kumhanya kwakagadzikana. Programmable parameters uye otomatiki kurekodha yewelding paramita zviri nyore kuzadzisa zvakajairwa zvinodiwa uye kugona kwekugadzira welding kwakakwira. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3, iyo pombi inopihwa mushure meiyo otomatiki welding.

Profitability ndechimwe chezvinhu izvo munhu wese muzvinabhizimusi wefekitori yemukaka anofanirwa kufunga nezvazvo. Kuburikidza nekuongorora mutengo, zvinoonekwa kuti kushandisa otomatiki welding tekinoroji kunongoda kuti kambani yekuvaka igadzirise otomatiki welding muchina, asi mutengo wese wekambani yemukaka uchadzikiswa zvakanyanya:

1. Kuderedza mari yebasa pakunama pombi;

2. Nemhaka yokuti mabheji emagetsi akaenzana uye akashambidzika, uye hazvisi nyore kuumba makona akafa, mari yezuva nezuva yepipeline CIP kuchenesa inoderedzwa;

3. Njodzi dzekuchengetedza welding dzepombi system dzakadzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye mari yebhizinesi yekuchengetedza mukaka inoderedzwa zvakanyanya;

4. Unhu hwekushongedza kwepipeline system hwakavimbika, hutano hwezvigadzirwa zvemukaka hunovimbiswa, uye mari yekuongororwa kwechigadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwepombi inoderedzwa.